Leica M6 Classic of 1984


  • Introduced in 1984127
  • First camera in this series carried serial number 1657251355
  • Has a built-in lightmeter127
  • The user must manually adjust the f-stops and shutter speed according to the guidance of diodes in the viewfinder127
  • The film speed is adjusted by turning an index disc on the rear of the camera127
  • Film sensitivity range: ASA 6 to 6400 in 1/3 stop increments127
  • The working range is from 1 second at f/1 to 1/1000 second at f/32127
  • Batteries: Two silver oxide button cells, each rated at 1.55 volts, or one lithium cell rated at 3.00 volts127
  • Fresh batteries last approximately 20 hours with the camera continuously on. For exposures metered at 15 seconds each, batteries can support about 4800 shots127
  • A silicon photodiode with a collective lens is positioned inside the camera body at the top left, behind the bayonet. It captures light reflected from a 12mm circular bright spot located in the center of the first shutter curtain. This spot represents approximately 13% of the entire film frame. Additionally, the metering spot accounts for about 23% of the viewfinder image seen through the attached lens127
  • All M4-P winders can be used on the M6. M4-2 winders with serial numbers 10350 or higher may also be used127
  • It has a height of 77mm, a length of 138mm, and a width of 38mm. The viewfinder magnification is 0.72x, and the rangefinder base length is 49.9mm. Its weight is 560g191
  • The Leica M6 with the serial number 1682800 was presented to H. M. Queen Elizabeth in 1986258 Produced in 1986, this silver chrome-plated M6 features the engraving "19 E II R 86" along with a British crown on the top plate. It is a unique piece, delivered as a gift to Queen Elizabeth II357.
  • In 1984, manufacturing was moved back to Wetzlar, leading to the development of the M6. This camera was essentially an M4-P but featured a new TTL (through-the-lens) metering system that utilized center-weighted readings from a grey spot in the middle of the cloth shutter. The design of the M6 was simple yet elegant, and it performed exceptionally well. It became very successful and remained in production until 1998, when the M6 TTL was introduced, featuring through-the-lens flash metering341.
  • When it was first introduced, the M6 was manufactured in Wetzlar, featuring a red dot logo that read "Leitz." In 1986, production moved to Solms, and the logo was updated to "Leica." Although the production values of the M6 were similar to those of the more simplified M4-2, it had a lighter and more affordable cast zinc top plate. The camera had brass bottom plate341.
  • In 1993, a Leica M6 with the special serial number 1906085 was awarded to Fritz Gruber356.

Special Editions of Leica M6 Classic of 1984: 144, 145, 169, 176, 192, 195, 204, 214, 218, 232, 236, 258, 308, 355, 357

 

Model Name References Year Quantity Serial Number Notes
M6 Bundeseigentum (Federal Property) 357 1985

this black Leica M6 features the engraving "Bundeseigentum" on the back of the top plate. It is accompanied by a Summicron-M 35 f/2 lens
M6 Leica Schule Wetzlar (Leica School Wetzlar)  357 1985

this black M6 has "Leica Schule Wetzlar '85" engraved in the center of the back base plate. Students who attended the Leica School in Wetzlar were able to purchase an M6 and have their name or "Leica Schule Wetzlar" engraved on it for an additional fee.
M6 ETH.Z (Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule) 355, 357 1987 or 1988 3 1712001-1712003 created at the special request of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich for experiments in a radioactive environment. These cameras feature a brass body, and many components were similar to those used in the earlier M4. The engraving on the top plate differs from that of the standard early M6 production series.
M6 G “Leica Photographic Centre Zurich”  355, 357 1987 or 1990 100
available in silver chrome and black. It displays a cross-section of an Elmar 50 f/2.8 lens on the top plate, and the Leica dot is rendered in gold. The batch number and "M6 G" are engraved on the inside of the camera. 
M6 “LHSA 1968-1988 20th Anniversary Edition”.  144, 355,357 1988 41 or 43
22 in silver chrome and 19 in black chrome.     camera features "LHSA 1968-1988" engraved on the top plate as well as unique numbering that includes "20" and a batch number. introduced to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the Leica Historical Society of America
M6 Henri Cartier-Bresson 355, 357 1988 1 2281908 this unique platinum-plated piece featured the signature of Henri Cartier-Bresson engraved on the top plate, along with the serial number 2 281 908, corresponding to his birthday. It was auctioned in London on the photographer's 90th birthday, with the proceeds benefiting the French organization Les Petits Frères des Pauvres. The camera was presented in a case designed and manufactured by the French fashion label Louis Vuitton.
M6 “150th Anniversary” (“150 Jahre Optik 1849-1999” ) (150 Years of Optics) 145, 355, 218 1989 150 or 1000 or 1250 1757001-1758251 Each camera is platinum-plated and features a unique grey leather finish. It is available with a platinum-plated 50mm f/1.4 Summilux-M lens, packaged in an elegant wooden case. Each camera will have an engraved inscription reading: "1989: 150 Years of Photography, 75 Years of Leica Photography." The cameras are numbered from 1 to 200, each preceded by one of the letters in the name Leica. A certificate of authenticity will be included with each camera set.  To commemorate 150 years since the founding of the "Optical Institute," recognized as the birthplace of the optical industry in Wetzlar, Germany, Leica Camera is introducing a l. mited-edition series of its popular M6 rangefinder camera . Cameras in each group will come equipped with a distinctive lens to add to the exclusiveness of this special offer ... The five different lenses are the 50mm f/2.8, 50mm f/2.0, 50mm f/1.4, 35mm f/2 ASPH and 35mm f/1.4 ASPH. In addition, each of the 150 cameras will be specially engraved with a different year, from 1849 through 1999, as well as a description of its accompanying lens and a special mark noting the 150-year commemoration. The lenses will be equipped with a front ring which carries the name of the lens, an "150 Years of Optics" engraving and the corresponding date of the camera. The special character of these cameras is further emphasized by a platinum finish and a covering made of non-endangered, grey snake leather. Each of these commemorative M6 cameras will be non-TTL versions with a 0.72x viewfinder magnification. They will come packaged in a high-gloss case made of walnut wood with an exclusive certificate of authenticity. 
M6 Schmidt-Japan 355 1989 125 1774001-1774125
M6 Siber Hegner 355, 357 1990

to celebrate the 125th anniversary of Siber Hegner, a Leica distributor in Japan. The camera features a silver chrome-plated finish with a special engraving of the logo and the occasion on the top plate, as well as unique numbering on the hot shoe
M6 Colombo 92 355, 357 1991 or 1992 200 1907101-1907300 this special edition showcases a green leather finish and an engraving on the top plate marking the 500th anniversary of the discovery of America. It was specifically produced for the Italian market (Polyphoto S.P.A. Italia) and featured special numbering consisting of one of the letters from "ITALY" along with a number from 1 to 40. The camera was delivered without a lens, although a Summicron-M 50 f/2 lens with a matching special engraving was made available exclusively to the camera owners later. Additionally, one camera marked "O" remains in the Leica Museum
M6 Titanium 169 1992

The camera was introduced at Photokina as a deluxe version of the Leica M6, featuring a titanium finish in addition to the standard black and silver chromium models. The titanium-finish Leica M6 includes a 0.8mm thick brass cap with a titanium surface, making it highly scratch-resistant. Its elegant and robust genuine leather finish, combined with a light-gray tint, enhances the camera's timeless, classic design. The list price for the M6 Titanium is 4275 USD. 
M6 Year of Rooster 176, 355, 357 1992 or 1993 268 1928200-1928300 and 1929001-1929199 with omission of all serial numbers containing number 4 Leica Camera GMBH was commissioned by the Schmidt Group, Leica's agent in the Far East, to produce 300 special edition Leica M6 cameras to celebrate the Year of the Rooster. However, only 268 pieces were actually produced because serial numbers considered taboo in Chinese culture were omitted. The silver-chromed Leica M6 is covered with emu-patterned leather. The top cover features an engraving of a rooster along with four Chinese characters that represent "Leica Luck." Both the serial number and the special edition number are engraved on the accessory shoe. The back of the top cover is inscribed with the words "SPECIAL EDITION OF 300 PCS FOR SCHMIDT GROUP LEICA CAMERA GMBH GERMANY."     The 50mm f/2 Summicron-M lens, also in silver chrome, is engraved with the same four Chinese characters and the corresponding special number on its body. In Malaysia, the list price for the set, which includes a special presentation box made from German cherry wood, is approximately 4980 USD. The box is embossed with the rooster design and the four Chinese characters. The special edition was an instant success, and the units allocated to Malaysia were booked months in advance of production. this special edition features a silver chrome-plated M6 for the Hong Kong-based Leica dealer Schmidt Group. The top plate is engraved with a rooster and the Chinese characters for "Leica - Good Luck." There is another engraving on the back of the top plate, along with special numbering on the hot shoe. The camera was delivered with a Summicron-M 50 f/2 in a mahogany box. 
M6 LHSA 25th Anniversary Limited Edition 178, 355, 357 1993 150 or 151 1938000-1838150 The limited edition LHSA 25th Anniversary chrome M6 features an engraving on the rear of the top plate. Both the camera body and lenses are finished in silver chrome. The set also includes a silver chrome lens cap and a certificate of authenticity. The wooden case is lined with a well-fitting red silk interior. The body cover is dark gray, matching the finish of the titanium Leica. The LHSA logo is displayed on the top plate as well as on the silver chrome body cap. On the back of the top plate, the inscription reads, "SPECIAL EDITION OF 151 CAMERAS FOR LHSA 25TH ANNIVERSARY."  Both a regular serial number and a special serial number are engraved on the hot shoe. The last three digits of the regular serial number match those of the special number. The 35mm, 50mm, and 90mm Summicron lenses have silver chrome front rings with black engraving that reads "LHSA 25TH ANNIVERSARY," along with the same special serial number as the body.  The set with serial number 25-000 will be placed in the Leica Museum in Solms. A total of 149 commemorative sets will be available for sale exclusively to LHSA members, leaving serial number 25-001, which will be given by Leica Camera Inc. to the Society. this edition marks the 25th anniversary of the Leica Historical Society of America. The silver chrome-plated cameras feature an engraving of the LHSA logo with the dates 1968 and 1993 on the top plate, along with unique numbering that includes the number "25" and a three-digit batch number. Additionally, there is an engraving on the back of the top plate stating, "Special Edition of 151 Cameras for LHSA 25th Anniversary." 
M6 Royal-Foto Austria 355, 357 1993 101 or 102 1937001-1937101 commemorates the 25th anniversary of the Salzburg dealer Fachfoto Royal. It consists of 62 silver chrome-plated cameras and 40 black cameras with red leather covers. The top plate is engraved with the company name, the years "1968-1993," and the outline of a diamond—red on the chrome-plated M cameras and white on the black M cameras.
M6 European Publishers Award 1994 355 1994 1

M6 Gold "Gold Brunei"  355, 357 1994 334 2001000-2001333 this camera is gold-plated with 24-carat gold and includes black or dark red snake leather. It features a special engraving in either black or red on the top plate and the back. Supplied with a gold-plated Summilux-M 50 f/1.4 lens, it also comes in a mahogany box. Each camera has unique numbering on the accessory shoe (HB 001-HB 350) and commemorates the 25th anniversary of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah's accession to the throne
M6 Gold "Gold Thailand" (First Edition)  355, 357 1994 1 2000000 gold-plated with 24-carat gold and features dark red snake leather. It includes a special engraving on the top plate and comes with a matching Summicron-M 50 f/2 lens, all delivered in a mahogany box. The camera was donated by Leica Camera AG to the environmental project of Thai King Bhumibol Adulyadej and sold at auction. 
M6 Royal Photographic Society 192, 258, 355, 357 1994 101 2002000-2002100 commemorates the 100th anniversary of the Royal Photographic Society. The camera features an engraving of the Royal Photographic Society's coat of arms. Purchasing this camera was exclusive to members of the society.  The price at introduction was £6000 (equivalent to 8954.36 USD in 1994).     In 1995, H. M. Queen Elizabeth was presented with a Leica M6, serial number 2002001. This camera was the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain's Centenary camera, with serial number 001/100. celebrates the 100th anniversary of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain. The silver chrome-plated camera includes an engraving of the coat of arms on the top plate, an additional engraving on the back, and unique numbering on the flash shoe. It was supplied with a matching Summicron-M 50 f/2 lens. 
M6 Titan / Titanium Foto Ganz – Zürich 355, 357 1994 100
this special edition was created for the 150th anniversary of the Foto Ganz company in Zurich. It features a titanized finish with a special engraving. A titanium edition of the Summilux-M 35 f/1.4 lens was also offered to match the camera.
M6 Traveller Set 355, 357 1994 500
this special edition is a travel kit that consists of a silver chrome-plated Leica M6 and a Summilux-M 50 f/1.4, both delivered in a leather briefcase designed by the German leather manufacturer Offermann. The set also includes a smaller camera bag made of soft leather and a matching carrying strap.
M6 M6J 186, 191, 308, 357 1994 1640
In 1994, to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the Leica M series, the Leica Camera Group introduced a special camera model known as the M6J. This limited-edition camera combines features from the classic Leica M3 and the modern Leica M6. A total of 1,640 M6J cameras were produced—40 sets for each year since the introduction of the M3. Each set includes the Leica M6J camera, a collapsible Elmar-M 50mm f/2.8 lens, and a matching ever-ready case. Both the M6J camera and the accompanying Elmar lens are engraved with a unique number and packaged in a wooden box that includes certificates of authenticity. The price for the M6J set is $6,495. The body of the M6J resembles that of an M6, but the top plate and controls—including the advance lever, frame selector, and rewind lever—are derived from the M3. The viewfinder has been entirely redesigned, offering a magnification of 0.85X, which presents an image size similar to that of the renowned viewfinder found in the Leica M3. Unlike both the M3 and M6, the M6J features bright line frames for 35mm, 50mm, 90mm, and 135mm lenses. The silver chromium-plated brass camera top is engraved with the M3-style “Leica” logo, along with an additional engraving that reads “40 Years of Leica M 1954-1994.” The exterior of the M6J is covered in natural black morocco-embossed leather. The camera has a height of 77 mm, a length of 138 mm, and a width of 38 mm. Its viewfinder magnification is 0.85x, and the rangefinder base length measures 58.9 mm. The weight of the camera is 570 g. In commemoration of 40 years of Leica M production, a total of 1,640 examples were made, representing 40 models for each year of production. This may be the largest batch of commemorative special editions produced by Leica. The additional 40 units in the batch likely account for the year of introduction, 1994, as the math does not seem to align otherwise. The .85 viewfinder is very uncluttered and displays only the frame lines for 35mm, 50mm, 90mm, and 135mm lenses. Like the M6, the ISO control on the back of the camera needs to be set for the metering system to function correctly. The M6J is capable of TTL flash control and includes a hot shoe. The 50mm f/2.8 Elmar-M collapsible lens is designed to match the camera body’s serial number and finish. It differs from the standard 50mm f/2.8 Elmar in that its focusing ring features a tab that resembles an infinity-lock mechanism, and it has a "classic" style base that incorporates a depth-of-field scale. Forty M6J cameras, numbered from 1954-01 to 1994-40, were dedicated to each year of the Leica M's 40-year history. Each camera was equipped with a newly developed Elmar-M 50 f/2.8 lens featuring a retractable barrel. The top plate was engraved with vintage Leica lettering along with the inscription "40 Jahre LEICA M 1954-1994." The set was delivered in a wooden box, complete with a leather carrying case.
M6 Demo Polyphoto Italy 355 1995 90 2006218(unconfirmed)-(unconfirmed)
M6 Dragon 355 1995 300

M6 Gold "Gold Dragon"  357 1995 300
commissioned by the Leica dealer Schmidt Group of Companies to mark Leica Camera's return to the Chinese market. The M6 was covered in red Karung leather and included a Summicron-M 50 f/2 lens, presented in an elegant rosewood box. The camera featured an engraving of a golden dragon and the word "China" on the top plate, along with special numbering ranging from 000/300 to 300/300.
M6 Gold "Gold Thailand" (Second Edition)  355, 357 1995 700 2176001-2176700 this edition is gold-plated with 24-carat gold and features dark red snake leather. It includes a special engraving on the top plate along with a matching Summicron-M 50 f/2 lens. Delivered in a mahogany box, this edition marks the 50th anniversary of King Bhumibol Adulyadej's ascension to the throne, coinciding with a significant environmental project in Bangkok
M6 Leica HISTORICA 236, 357 1995 150
commemorate the 20th anniversary of Leica Historica e.V. ….....numbered from 1 to 150….....celebrate the 20th anniversary of Leica Historica, this special series featured a silver chrome-plated finish with turquoise-colored leather and special numbering. The top plate was engraved with the inscription "Leica Historica 1975-1995," and the cameras were supplied with a matching Summicron-M 50 f/2 lens
M6 Platina "Platina Brunei" (First Edition) 355 1995 250 2177001-2177250
M6 Royal Danish Wedding 355, 357 1995 200
this special edition commemorated the wedding of Danish Prince Joachim of Denmark to Alexandra Christina Manley on November 18. The Leica dealer Nordisk Foto Import A/S ordered this special edition, which displayed an engraved wedding coat of arms on the top plate, along with the wedding date and unique numbering
M6 Benelux 232, 355,357 1995 or 1996 125 2174xxxx-2175xxxx a chrome design with an engraved blue outline of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg on top. It also includes the European Union flag, which was engraved using a costly electrolysis process. The map was created with standard engraving, and no country names were added.......Initially, around 50 of these limited-edition cameras were planned, but the final production reached 125 units. Most are now in private collections as valuable collector’s items. There was no special engraved lens for this edition. The Leica order number is 10424, found on a sticker on the box. Production lasted five months..........this special series was created for Leica dealers in the Benelux countries. The cameras were made in a silver chrome finish and featured an engraving on the top plate that outlined the three countries, along with the text "LEICA DEMO AUSRÜSTUNG BENELUX 96" (Leica Demo Equipment Benelux 96) and a European flag above the flash shoe. 
M6 “Ein Stuck Leica”  204, 357 1996 996
The camera was introduced at Photokina. The set includes a specially engraved M6 with a facsimile of the stock certificate on the top cover, a matching 35/1.4 ASPH Summilux-M lens, and a stock certificate for the newly established Leica Camera AG. All items come in a matching black lacquer case lined with red silk. This limited edition will have only 996 units available worldwide, corresponding to the date of September 1996. Additionally, Leica USA has already reserved set number 29 for the LHSA's raffle in 1997, commemorating the LHSA's 29th anniversary. This special series was released in 1996 in conjunction with the IPO of Leica Camera AG. The black M6 came with a black leather cover and was packaged in a black wooden box. The set included a Summilux-M 35 f/1.4 ASPH., a special engraving on the top plate, and a share certificate worth five DM. 
M6 Gold "Gold Diamond Brunei"  355 1996 125 2283201-2283325
M6 Gold Sultan of Brunei 195, 357 1996

The camera was initially gifted to special visitors of Brunei. A limited series of Leica M6 cameras has been produced in Solms, featuring a 24-carat gold finish on the metal parts and a distinctive leather covering. Each camera is engraved with the national emblem of the Sultanate in an elaborate manner. Accompanying the camera body is a specially-made, gold-plated 50mm f/1.4 Summilux-M lens, which is also uniquely engraved to match the camera. Both camera and lens are presented in a beautifully crafted box made from rare wood, adorned with red and black engravings on a gold plaque set into the lid. To create the intricate two-color engravings (red and black) of the Malayan figures and the coat of arms of the Sultanate of Brunei on the camera body, as well as the engravings on the wooden box, special machinery had to be constructed.  The first camera in this special series was delivered to His Majesty Haji Hassanal Bolkiah during a private audience with Klaus-Dieter Hofmann, the President of Leica Camera Group, and Eberhard Kuhne, the Head of the Export Department for East Asian countries. According to an official source, the machinery used for the engravings was very expensive, costing several hundred thousand DM. It is said that the value of the order fully justified the expenditure on the machine tools. The exact number of these 'Sultan of Brunei' Leica M6 cameras that were ordered remains unknown, and it is unlikely that any of these cameras will ever be available for collectors to purchase. It is believed that the quantity corresponded to the number of special guests the Sultan of Brunei chose to present them to. This camera was gold-plated with 24-carat gold and covered in dark red snake leather. It featured special engravings on both the top plate and the back. The camera was supplied with either a gold-plated Summilux-M 35 f/1.4 or a Summicron-M 50 f/2 lens, all presented in a mahogany box. Out of the total production, 125 cameras had a diamond set above the accessory shoe and carried special numbering on the accessory shoe (HB 001-HB 250). This special series was created to celebrate the 50th birthday of Hassanal Bolkiah, the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei
M6 Leica Partner-Aktion Deutschland 1996 214, 357 1996 500
The cameras are engraved with "Leica Partner-Aktion Deutschland 1996." ………produced and sold to German Leica dealers at the beginning of 1996………. The purpose of the engraving was related to a "partner action," which meant that these cameras were given to the dealers with the understanding that they would provide them to end users for testing purposes.... Sonke Peters, Product Manager, further clarified the meaning of the phrase "partner action." In this context, "partner" refers to the German Leica dealers, while "action" signifies a program aimed at supplying these cameras as demonstration units. The goal was to allow consumers to become familiar with Leica M cameras. The cameras were meant to be loaned out, giving interested consumers the opportunity to "test drive" a Leica camera. Although these cameras were never intended to be directly sold to consumers by the dealers, it appears that many were sold regardless. According to Sonke Peters, the M6 cameras were supplied with 50mm f/2 Summicron lenses....this edition featured a black M6 with a distinctive white engraving on the top plate showcasing the outline of Germany and its 16 federal states. The engraving also included the text "LEICA Partner-Aktion Deutschland 1996." This special edition was distributed to Leica dealers in Germany
M6 Platina "Anton Bruckner"  355, 357 1996 200 2278001-2278211 to mark the 100th anniversary of composer Anton Bruckner's death, Leitz-Austria released this special edition of the M6 in his honor. It featured a blue-grey iguana leather finish and platinum-plated metal parts. The top plate was adorned with a portrait of Bruckner, along with his name and the years of his birth and death. These details were also engraved on the matching Elmar-M 50 f/2.8 lens. ……….with the numbering based on Bruckner's ten symphonies (20 cameras for each symphony). The set was presented in an elegant bubinga wood box and included a certificate of authenticity and twelve CDs of Bruckner's works. 
M6 Platina "Platina Brunei" (Second Edition)  355 1996 210

M6 Platina "Platina Diamond Brunei"  355 1996 125 2283001-2283125
M6 Platina "Schmidt Group centenary"  355, 357 1996 150 2278301-2278588 with all serial numbers containing number 4 skipped to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Schmidt Group, Leica's dealer in Hong Kong. The camera was platinum-plated and featured a brown snakeskin finish. It was packaged in an elegant bubinga wood box and included a matching Elmar-M 50 f/2.8 lens. In addition to a red engraving on the top plate, the camera also had special numbering (1-188), with all numbers containing a four omitted due to the superstition surrounding the number in Cantonese culture
M6 Boston University 357 1998 1
this camera was part of a donation of photographic equipment worth $50,000 from Leica Camera to Boston University during an artist residency by Ulrich Mack. The top plate of the camera was engraved with the words "Boston University. Property of Leica Camera AG."
M6 Gruppo Fotografica Leica 355 1998 17

M6 Jaguar XK 150 355, 357 1998 50
marked the 50th anniversary of the introduction of Jaguar's first XK model, commissioned by the British car manufacturer. The camera featured green Connolly leather and a retractable Elmarit-M 50 f/2.8 lens. It was delivered in an elegant box made of elm and burl wood, complete with a special engraving on the top plate. 
M6 50 Years fotoMagazin 357 1999 1
to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the magazine fotoMagazin. It featured a special engraving on the top plate and came with an Elmar-M 1:2.8/50 lens, presented in an elegant wooden box.
M6 Platina "Leica 150 Jahre Optik" 355, 357 1999 150 2490000-2490150 commemorating the 150th anniversary of the founding of Carl Kellner's Optical Institute in Wetzlar. The cameras featured a platinum-plated top plate, light grey checkered leather, and a special engraving. Each camera was uniquely numbered and included the model type (M6) along with a significant year from the institute's 150-year history. The series was categorized into five groups, each supplied with different lens options: Elmar-M 50 f/2.8 (1850-1879), Summicron-M 50 f/2 (1880-1909), Summilux-M 50 f/1.4 (1910-1939), Summicron-M 35 f/2 ASPH. (1940-1979), and Summilux-M 35 f/1.4.